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Phineas Gage's Brain Injury (1848) - Railway foreman Phineas Gage survived an accident where an iron rod was driven through his skull, damaging his frontal lobe. His personality changes after recovery provided early evidence of the brain's role in personality and decision-making.

Birth of Rita Levi-Montalcini (1909) - Nobel Prize-winning neuroscientist who discovered Nerve Growth Factor (NGF), a protein crucial for neuronal growth and survival.

First Demonstration of Electroencephalography (EEG) in Humans (1924) - German physiologist Hans Berger recorded the first human electroencephalogram, revealing electrical activity in the human brain.